目前，各地养猪技术水平、环境条件等千差万别，生产中会碰到各种各样的问题，对仔猪养殖户而言，判定乳猪料产品质量的标准主要还是从三个方面考虑：①抗腹泻效果，乳猪由于转栏、换料等应激因素或感染容易发生腹泻。②采食量和日增重③后期皮毛状况，一般用“皮毛光亮”来评定猪的生长和健康状况。这些问题是每个配方师设计乳猪料配方时必须面对的，为了很好地加以解决，他们尝试用多种方法来进行处理。提升乳猪料品质的有效措施
1、营养调控办法
添加一些高档次的原料，血浆（球）蛋白粉、肠膜蛋白粉、鱼粉、小肽以及寡聚糖、益生菌等，或对大料进行了预处理，采用膨化大豆、去皮大豆、浓缩蛋白、熟玉米粉等，均能有效提高乳猪料的消化率，饲喂效果很好，但要达成理想的效果成本压力很大，与市场的需要脱节，同时养殖条件和水平差的地方同样可能没有什么效果。在微量元素方面，氨基酸螯合物早已被业界看好，因价格偏高，在现在我国养殖水平下，要做到替代无机微量元素很难办到。
2、高剂量的抗生素
抗生素对解决腹泻、促进动物生长有很好的效果，是目前应用时间最长、范围最广的一种方法，在中国目前养殖环境下，抗生素的作用是肯定的，但养殖地区不同，养殖水平不一致，同一组合药物很难解决所有的问题，仅凭这一点要做到全面提升产品质量难度大。同时，高剂量的药物容易产生耐药性，成本压力也较大，长期大范围使用还存在细菌的耐药性问题，需要加大添加剂量，随之而来又存在药物残留对人类健康构成威胁，同时应用面窄、影响饲料产品适口性和后期生长。
3、高剂量的氧化锌
目前普遍采用的2500～3000mg/kg的锌水平（氧化锌），甚至更高，在一段时间内能够起到控制腹泻的目的。其作用机理是：①抑菌作用：抑制细菌的活性,减少细菌毒素的产生；②收敛和吸附作用：对受伤的肠上皮细胞具有收敛作用,减少细胞内液的渗出,促使受伤肠上皮细胞的修复，并吸附肠道中的有害毒素；③对肠道平滑肌的作用：降低肠内容物对肠粘膜的刺激，肠平滑肌的蠕动减缓,延长粪便在肠道内停留时间,增加肠道对粪便中水分的重吸收,提高粪便的干燥度；④目前正在从分子生物学的角度研究药理剂量锌的作用机制；
高剂量氧化锌在上世纪90年代后期以来在饲料中已得到了推广，其预防腹泻效果较好，使得配方师省心、省力，但是，经过长期的实践，人们发现高剂量的氧化锌虽在使用前2周内能很好起到预防腹泻的作用，但时间稍长就会出现生长抑制，采食量下降等问题。
那么，为什么会发生这种现象呢？因为氧化锌是两性化合物，与酸、碱亲和力强，在呈酸性胃液和呈碱性的肠道内均大量溶解，以致进入肠道内呈药理作用分子状态的相对较少，难以充分发挥高剂量锌的药理功效，要达到良好的饲喂效果需要加大添加剂量，这样就会严重影响了日粮的适口性，同时还会造成消化道内锌离子浓度过高，拮抗其它微量元素的吸收利用，动物表现出后期皮毛欠佳、生长抑制等现象，因此只能短期使用，时间稍长就会出现负面效应。
当前，在生产中饲料厂从成本角度考虑常采用三种方案来解决仔猪腹泻的问题，其一，高剂量抗生素；其二、抗生素+高剂量氧化锌(2250mg Zn/kg以上)；其三，采用3000mg Zn/kg以上的氧化锌。但是这三种方案都存在某些局限性，使得乳猪料无法达成理想的抗腹泻效果。
4、添加纳米蒙脱石
用纳米蒙脱石治疗仔猪腹泻的临床效果观察表明用纳米蒙脱石治疗仔猪腹泻疗效显著（谢长青等，2006）。蒙脱石并无抑菌或杀菌作用,
蒙脱石对细菌的作用主要是吸附（金山，2007）,同时蒙脱石可以吸附霉菌或细菌毒素，齐德生等（2003）报道蒙脱石或改性蒙脱石可以吸附黄曲霉毒素B1。纳米蒙脱石比普通蒙脱石具有更大的比表面积，吸附力更强（李辉等，2003），对黄曲霉毒素的吸附容量和吸附速率均明显优于普通蒙脱石（史莹华等，2006），其具备作为控制断奶仔猪腹泻添加剂的内在条件。留蒙脱石具有层纹状结构及非均匀性电荷分布，对消化道内的霉菌毒素、病毒、病菌及其产生的毒素有固定、吸附作用；对消化道粘膜有覆盖能力，并通过与粘液糖蛋白相互结合，从质和量两方面修复、提高粘膜屏障对攻击因子的防御功能。蒙脱石不进入血液循环系统，连同所固定的攻击因子随消化道自身蠕动排出体外不改变大便颜色和正常的肠蠕动。纳米蒙脱石比普通蒙脱石具有更大的比表面积，吸附力更强。
此品可代替氧化锌在饲料中的止泻作用,而且对仔猪无不良反应，是解决仔猪腹泻比较理想的选择。
The English version
At present, around the pig technical level, such as environmental conditions differ in thousands ways, will encounter all sorts of problems in the production, for the piglets farmers, Suckling pig feed product quality standard were mainly from three aspects to consider: (1) anti diarrhea effect, Suckling pig due to stress factors such as turn bar, refueling or infection are prone to diarrhea. (2) feed intake and daily gain (3) late fur, "fur light" generally used to assess the pig growth and health. The problem is that each formula design must face when Suckling pig feed formula, in order to be solved properly, they try to use a variety of methods for processing. Effective measures to improve the quality of Suckling pig feed
1, nutrition regulation measures
Add some high grade raw material, the plasma protein powder (ball), intestinal membrane protein powder, fish meal, small peptides and oligonucleotides glycan, probiotics, or wait for aniseed pretreatment, using expanded soybean, peeling soybean protein concentrate, corn flour, etc., can effectively improve the digestibility of Suckling pig feed, feeding results is very good, but cost a lot of pressure to achieve the ideal effect, and with the needs of the market, while poor farming conditions and level of local also may not have any effect. In the aspect of trace elements, amino acid chelate has long been favored by the industry, because of the price on the high side, under the breeding level in China now, to do instead of inorganic trace elements is very difficult to do.
2, high doses of antibiotics
Antibiotics to deal with diarrhea, promote animal growth has very good effect, is the longest, the widest range used a method of breeding environment currently in China, the role of antibiotics is yes, but different breeding areas, breeding level is not consistent, the same combination drugs are hard to solve all the problems alone to do this for upgrading the quality of the products is difficult. At the same time, high doses of drugs prone to resistance, cost pressure is bigger also, the drug resistance of bacteria problems still exist widespread use for a long time, need to increase the added dose, come again there is a drug residues pose a threat to human health, at the same time narrow range, the influence of feed product palatability, and later growth.
3, high dose of zinc oxide
Currently widely used 2500 ~ 3000 mg/kg of zinc levels (zno), or even higher, for a period of time can rise to control the purpose of diarrhea. Its mechanism is: (1) bacteriostatic action: inhibit the activity of the bacteria, reduce bacterial toxins; (2) : convergence and adsorption of injured intestinal epithelial cells have convergent effect, reduce the number of intracellular fluid seepage, injury of intestinal epithelial cells to repair, and adsorption in the gut harmful toxins; (3) the role of intestinal smooth muscle: reduce the stimulation of intestinal contents of intestinal mucosa, intestinal smooth muscle peristalsis slow, residence time, extend the feces in intestine increase intestinal of feces moisture absorption, improve the dry degree of feces; (4) are studied from the Angle of molecular biology mechanism of action of pharmacological dose zinc;
High dose zinc oxide in the late 1990 s has got a promotion in the feed, the prevention of diarrhea effect is good, makes the formula save worry, energy saving, however, after a long period of practice, it was found that high doses of zno is 2 weeks before using internal energy is very good play the role of prevention of diarrhea, but time will appear slightly longer growth inhibition, decrease feed intake in the problem.
So, why this phenomenon will happen? Because the zinc oxide is amphoteric compound, acid, alkali and strong affinity, in acidic and alkaline intestinal gastric juice were dissolved in great quantities, so that in pharmacological effects of molecular state into the intestinal tract is relatively small, it is difficult to give full play to the pharmacological effect of high dose zinc, to achieve good need to increase the feeding effect of adding dose, this will seriously affect the palatability of the diet, also causes high zinc ion concentration in the digestive tract, antagonism the absorption of other trace elements, animals showed poor late fur, growth inhibition, therefore can only short-term use, a long time will have a negative effect.
At present, in the production of feed mills from cost point of view often adopts three schemes to solve the problem of diarrhea piglets, first, a high dose of antibiotics; Secondly, antibiotics + high dose zinc oxide (2250 mg of zinc/kg above); Third, with 3000 mg of zinc/kg more than zinc oxide. But the three schemes have some limitations, makes the Suckling pig feed unable to reach the ideal anti diarrhea effect.
4, add nano montmorillonite
With nanometer montmorillonite in the treatment of diarrhea piglets clinical effect observation showed that treatment with nanometer montmorillonite piglet diarrhea curative effect is distinct (Xie Changqing etc., 2006). Montmorillonite is no bacteriostasis or bactericidal action,
Montmorillonite is mainly the function of bacterial adsorption (golden hill, 2007), at the same time montmorillonite can adsorb mold or bacteria toxin, de-sheng qi, such as montmorillonite (2003) reported or modified montmorillonite can be adsorbed aflatoxin B1. Nanometer montmorillonite than regular montmorillonite has bigger specific surface area, adsorption force stronger (li, 2003), adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of aflatoxins were significantly superior to the ordinary montmorillonite (ying-hua shi, etc., 2006), its have the intrinsic requirement of as control weaning diarrhea piglets additives. Leave montmorillonite has a layer of grain structure and heterogeneity, charge distribution inside the digestive tract of mycotoxin, viruses, bacteria and toxins have fixed, adsorption; Has coverage to the digestive tract mucous membrane, and through the mutual combination of mucous glycoprotein, from two aspects of quality and quantity to repair, improve the mucosal barrier to attack factor of defense function. Montmorillonite does not enter the bloodstream, along with fixed by the attack factor change with gastrointestinal wriggle out of the body itself is not stool color and normal bowel movements. Nanometer montmorillonite than regular montmorillonite has a larger specific surface area, adsorption force is stronger.
This product can instead of zinc oxide in the feed anti-diarrhea effect, but also for piglets without adverse reactions, is the solution of diarrhea piglets ideal choice.
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